Network
Network means interconnection of devices
Ex:-
a) PC
to PC
b) PC
to Printer
c) Mobile
Phone to Mobile Phone (using Bluetooth)
Networking
Networking is the communication between interconnected
devices.
Types of Networks (Basic type)
a) Local
Area Network (LAN)
b) Metropolitan
Area Network (MAN)
c) Wide
Area Network (WAN)
Local Area
Network (LAN)
a) Operate
within a limited geographical location.
b) Provide
full time connectivity to local services.
c) CAT
5 or CAT 6 Cable are used for connectivity.
Metropolitan
Area Network (MAN)
a) Span
within a city.
b) Provide
fulltime & part time connectivity.
c) We
are used in Telecommunication ISP ( Internet Service Provider)
d) OFC
(Optical Fiber Cable) are used for connectivity between areas.
e) Households
are providing with RJ11 cables or Cat5, CAT6 Cables.
Wide
Area Network (WAN)
a) Operation
over large geographical location.
b) Provide
fulltime & part time connectivity.
c) OFC
(Optical Fiber Cable) are used for connectivity between country connectivity,
underground or oversea.
Requirement for
network connectivity.
a) PC
(Personal Computers, Desktop Computers or any types of Computers)
b) OS
(Operating System, Ex: Windows, Linux, MAC, Unix etc)
c) NIC
(Network Interface Card, Ex: LAN Cards)
d) TCP/IP
e) MEDIA
(Cable ex: OFC, CAT5, CAT6)
It is interface between user and hardware. We are having two
types of operating system they are….
a) Server
OS
b) Client
OS
Server OS also called as Multiuser operating system and
network OS.
Server operating system provides services.
Server Operating System are :-
a) Windows
NT (NEW Technology)
b) Windows
2000 Server
c) Windows
Server 2003
d) Windows
Server 2008
e) Windows
Server 2008 R2
f) Windows
Server 2012
Client OS
Client operating system also called as desktop operating
system, single user operating system.
Client OS access resources from server operating system.
Client Operating System are :-
a) Windows
2000 Professionals
b) Windows
XP
c) Windows
Vista
d) Windows
7
e) Windows
8
NIC
(Network Interface Card)
The Network Interface Card is frequently called a NIC. It
forms and interface between the network device computer and the Ethernet (LAN).
Types of Cards used for connecting computers, with cables.
a) BNC
(Bayonet Neill Concelman)
b) NIC
i)
Ethernet (Eth)
ii)
Fast Ethernet (F Eth)
iii)
Gigabit Ethernet (Giga Eth)
c) W-NIC (Wireless NIC)
BNC (Bayonet Neill Concelman / Banyan Network)
A type of connector used with coaxial cables such as the
RG-58 A/U cable used with the 10Base-2 Ethernet system. The basic BNC connector
is a male type mounted at each end of a cable. This connector has a center pin
connected to the center cable conductor and a metal tube connected to the outer
cable shield. A rotating ring outside the tube locks the cable to any female
connector.
NIC (Network
Interface Card)
A network
interface controller (also known as a network interface card, network
adapter, LAN adapter and by similar terms) is a computer hardware
component that connects a computer to a computer network.
ETHERNET NIC
The Ethernet
is a networking standard (known as IEEE 802.3) for Local Area Networks (LAN),
which are used for connecting close-proximity devices together for sharing
resources (such as in offices, schools, and homes). The Ethernet Network
Interface Controller allows computing devices to take advantage of this
technology, which has today become the ubiquitous medium for data transmission.
FAST ETHERNET
Fast
Ethernet is
a collective term for a number of Ethernet standards that carry traffic at the
nominal rate of 100 Mbit/s, against the original Ethernet speed of
10 Mbit/s. Of the fast Ethernet standards 100BASE-TX is by far the most common
and is supported by the vast majority of Ethernet hardware currently produced.
Fast Ethernet was introduced in 1995.
GIGABIT ETHERNET
In computer networking, Gigabit Ethernet
(GbE or 1 GigE) is a term describing various technologies for
transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second (1,000,000,000
bits per second), as defined by the IEEE 802.3-2008 standard. It came into use
beginning in 1999, gradually supplanting Fast Ethernet in wired local networks
where it performed considerably faster. The cables and equipment are very
similar to previous standards, and by the year 2010, were very common and
economical.
Connecting
Devices
a) HUB
b) Switch
c) Router
HUB
It is generally used to connect all devices on a network so
that they can communicate with each other. It always do broadcasting. An Ethernet
hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, multiport
repeater or hub is a device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices
together and making them act as a single network segment. It has multiple input/output
(I/O) ports, in which a signal introduced at the input of any port appears at
the output of every port except the original incoming. A hub works at the physical
layer (layer 1) of the OSI model.
Switch
Like Hub, It is also used to connect all devices on a
network so that they can communicate with each other. But first time it will do
broadcast and from second time it will do unicast. A switch is a
telecommunication device which receives a message from any device connected to
it and then transmits the message only to the device for which the message was
meant. This makes the switch a more intelligent device than a hub (which
receives a message and then transmits it to all the other devices on its
network.)
Unicast – Unicast is
communication between a single sender and a single receiver over a network.
Router
Router is a device which is used to established
communication between two networks. A router is connected to two or more data
lines from different networks. The routers are used in interconnected networks,
the routers exchange information about destination addresses, using a dynamic
routing protocol. Each router builds up a table listing the preferred routes
between any two systems on the interconnected networks. A router has interfaces
for different physical types of network connections, (such as copper cables,
fiber optic, or wireless transmission).
History of Microsoft N/W OS
- Windows NT 3.1 released in
1993
- Windows NT 3.5 released in
1994
- Windows NT 4.0 released
in1996
- Windows NT 5.0 was renamed
as Windows 2000 released in 2000
- Windows .NET Server was
renamed as Windows 2003
- Windows Server 2008
- Windows Server 2008 R2
- Windows Server 2012
Windows
Server 2003 Released Version
Microsoft Server 2003 Standard Edition
Microsoft Server 2003 Enterprise Edition
Microsoft Server 2003 Data Center Edition
Microsoft Server 2003 Web Edition
Microsoft
Server 2008 Released Version
Microsoft Server 2008 Standard Edition
Microsoft Server 2008 Enterprise Edition
Microsoft Server 2008 Data Center Edition
Microsoft Server 2008 Web
Edition
